We only have a short amount of time and
into the session and.

Each of us have had to select out small
subset of the actual things that we know

about or have been involved in and
and I had tough

decisions to make about we're involved in
three different projects right now and.

We would talk about just one aspect.

As as the as the Jerry and
Earl have both pointed out.

This change in paradigm
opens up a whole new way.

You know somebody says one hundred
percent B M We don't know what

hundred percent there.

Yes it's open ended and so
it's going to take a decade to.

Understand to identify and explore and

find out what's cost effective
what isn't cost effective.

What or what a route to opportunities and
photo opportunities and

what I thought I would do today is.

Talk about really give a short
references to some of the obvious

benefits that have already
been documented and

utilized in the case studies
in the year in the handbook.

Review them in some depth and and
then talk about some newer things that

are on the threshold of happening
that are the next step out.

Well with that.

What a leap integrated model
of a building certainly would.

What would be amazing payoffs
which had it's been recognized by

architects less by
contractors up till now.

But even by contractors today is that.

A set of construction
documents is are an arcane

complicated set of coded information.

Less than fifty percent of the people
on the construction site of

construction documents.

I will bet anything but about that.

The rest of the people
dealing with this will

schedule back of the envelope sketches.

Verbal instructions and other such.

You all are probably doesn't know
what he's getting and what architects

have got good baby old three D. Studio Max
or other kinds of visual models they given

up proximate idea of what the building
have Those are not constructed models.

And what takes place between those initial
rendering and what is actually built.

Well what are the things what happens with
building information modeling is that

the understanding of what the project
is gross tremendously and

all the subcontractors all the architects
all the all the all the consultant

engineers have a much closer understanding
and I won't say it's a frame

understand what's closer to understanding
what the project really is.

That's one of the initial basic
payoffs of building information model.

It was already alluded to that contractors
some contractors may be looking for

errors and inconsistencies another
bet that we can all agree to.

We should build anybody.

Every building one hundred
thousand square feet.

I will fight inconsistency and.

Because any change any
design actually in that set

of drawings I have to do with a plan.

I have to do it and what elevation
I have to do it in section and

if the whole rigs and
I forget something that I got an error and

that just inherently happens
you know all projects.

So and and that a human being.

We're all responsible for

that consistency across all those
different view of the project.

So having an integrated single three D.

model that we can guarantee to be
consistent and at least every piece.

Isn't the right location on
a set of drawings that comes out

may not be the right location but
it's in a consistent location

is guaranteed by building
information modeling.

That's probably one one and a happens and
a construction cost right there.

Of course since I have a geometric
model of the building and

can put the appropriate attributes are to
those that I have a potential of interface

into a variety of different kinds of
analysis at the design stage for energy or

structure for natural air flows or

a wide variety of things
that have been available or

used in aerospace used in manufacturing
and if they're used in construction.

They've always been used at
the end as a verification.

Because the cost of doing
those analyses were so

high I my group here in Georgia Tech and

other places are working very hard
to make that your relation time or

who could be a model less
than a minute for you.

We can get immediate feedback and even get
it into a cycle loop where it's less than.

A few seconds so
that we can actually do optimization and

explore a wide number of
alternatives early on.

So that's all possible with
building information modeling.

Because what we have now is a digital
representation of the building not

a paper drawn one we can all
be interpreted by people.

Of course one of the early payouts is
class detection if I have three D.

model but I can and
we can do spatial interference checking.

Which most of the building
information modeling systems do

then both at the architectural level for
layout and at the construction

level that the fabrication models they
hand class detection as a quick payoff.

And I think the early case study we did.

I'm not absolutely sure that all the cases
had class detection but most of them have

them and there's a very good products
out there were to be probably.

The top of the heap that
do crash detection and

I know a number of architectural
firms who are using Nabbous work

because it's nice you can
bring at all kinds of three D.

models built all different kinds of
systems bring together do the crash.

Detection report generation errors and
other such things are usually obvious.

They are I think.

At the first generation of building
information Mark over specifications.

And and as Bill of Materials they go
along with it is another important.

Maybe a little bit later.

At the integration level but

I really want to talk about
the next generation of changes.

Well there's the international call
Council as a major effort going on.

We're doing building code plan
checked by computer different cities

different jurisdictions have different
lengths of time for code approval.

We're talking this morning
about the health care.

Facility approval process in the state of

California which has a twenty billion
dollars plus construction program.

Some of the people involved in
that program are here today and

they have a you and
I have turnaround time for

building code checks because
that is a real inefficiency for

the owners it's a cost to the state
inflation cost for construction every

part of the industry over from the owners
to the contractors the architects

everyone through their whole chain
is paying for that in various ways.

One could get twenty four hour
turnaround on a plan share.

Godless of the size of a building
that would change the structure of

the construction industry and many ways
for people who are interested Singapore

is a little great little city state that
likes to be high tech they're the person

of the log in automatically check email
address system in partial operation for.

A couple of years now.

International Code Council
that has jurisdiction for

the master code in the coordination
across West North America.

Has as a major project and
an automatic call for

them to you are beginning to see also
at the threshold of laser scanner laser

scanner fifty percent of the construction
is in rebuilding rehabilitation.

It's nice to do a good model
when I'm working on a green

light building up from scratch but
back happens only part of the time.

So how can we capture in it as built
situation and then go from there.

Because knowledge you are using
later scanning like is the big.

Technology the general off for that.

That's the most prominent one right now.

Developing in laser scan technology
that will generate a cloud of points and

capture the two happening in accuracy

the insights of this rumor of a sort
of a building is a wonderful start.

It's not as simple as it works.

There's a lot of work still has
to be done to turn that into

objects that can be
interpreted by the real tools.

Whether it's an important step.

And we're going to see more and more of
that in a flow is beautifully building

information model of course design for

fabrication is the kind of
work the Frank Gehry does and

Frank Gehry I think has to
have a lot of credit for

working out many aspects and details and

do remember mation modeling as a concept
going from design ideas to realizing

the design intent by understanding
the gravitation and construction process.

There's a long story about the Disney
Concert Hall and how it was started before

Bilbao and
into the way after the sixteen years.

Between him winning of
the international competition for

the Disney Concert Hall and
its completion.

I won't go into it.

Here I'll be happy to talk to
people have a site about it.

But the interim was converting
a set of drawings who three D.

models and using continue to build
a model to convince the contractors and

fabricators that it could be built.

If the percent of drawings didn't fly and

their concert hall committee was
ready to cancel that project.

The building of that but designed for
fabrication of course is open that new

design alternative and probably will
facilitate the introduction and

use of new materials new design guides and
ways of practicing.

As we proceed.

Another important opportunity
in user simulation and

understanding much better how you
heat your airports behavior and for

transportation facilities behavior
in hospitals and be better supported

by the design environment in some ways
it's a particular kind of analysis or

simulation of course building or from
a ration modeling allows that to happen.

What I'd like to spend just a few
minutes on in my period here is

another direction that I had my research
Ph D. students have been doing for

the General Services Administration
as you're probably aware or

maybe you're aware.

G.S.A. has had a building up
from A to modeling program since

one thousand eight scuse
me to thank those aboard.

And we've been working with them
since two thousand and six.

What we were agreed to do west all federal

courthouses which are owned or
not or owned by G.S.A.

but are operated and served the U.S.
courts separate branch of government.

Court system.

And and the U.S. court.

As a design guide as be only as
the user of these facilities

of the best practices that should
go into court has designed.

For those who then passed on to
the architectural firms that G.S.A.

agrees to contract with the building.

In the court room and courthouse
circulation and security are major issues.

So we were asked to develop a automated
tool for doing design will check.

It happen but that because of other work
that are already been done on courthouses

we used a system called the Liberty
model checker at the platform and

using i see which is a data exchange for
a map for buildings.

The major public standard
that's available.

For the representation of buildings that
can come out of any of the bills to be

able to do the process here with a take a
manual design guide written by judges and

consultants over the last thirty or
forty years and automate that.

The old rules that
are computer implementable and

wondered upon the mental aspects West
to deal with the three classes of

people three classes abuser
within a courthouse depended.

Who often is manageable
looked after by the U.S.

Marshals Service and
the public and the judge and

jury who are privileged users who have
access to spaces that the rest don't have.

It's all security so that the idea and
the requirements are.

That these three groups of people only
meet in a court and they have separate

circulation has and the support passed for
those three groups of people are also

distinct acid dependent should never
be walking in the public space.

Judges shouldn't have to
go in a public space to

enter the building go out of
the building and otherwise.

Leave it.
We turned this really good balances of

this four hundred page document and
and turned it in and

pulled out all the circulation rules.

Many of the students in this room
which were listed in the earlier

pages who were heavily involved in this
and take in paragraphs and identify them.

We first we need to identify
what the rules were but

also we needed a reference to
know where they came from so

that when we compute develop the syntax
and rule structure or doing the testing.

Which is showed here.

And then we apply those rules to us who

are particular building we get a series
of conditions of possible errors.

Hopefully the whole purpose for doing this
is doing it early enough to design that

these can be caught they can be corrected
and in the design becomes a better design

but it actually probably bigger is
we have to refer back to the part of

the design that is a problem and
what is the design rule that is violated.

This is that once.

There's still a little bit of debugging
that's going on on call it in

this particular courthouse this courthouse
that we have vision that the show here is

the Jackson Mississippi courthouse it's
in construction and he has a project.

It's three New York City is the architect
makes is the construction all contractor.

I think Jake it's engineering is doing.

C.M. on the book or

design guide when you pull out all

the rules there were three hundred two
rules that dealt with circulation.

Because there are many
paths between two spaces.

They will add and many spaces
have multiple instances correct.

It was cut which you.

So for there were twenty seven
hundred rules instances to apply two

hundred thousand pass and computers are
great they can see this stuff really fast.

So here is the courthouse.

As it was designed with three different
zones we understand those very well

very good.

Graphical visualization of the security so

that any kind of attribute we can display
color code it understand it really well.

Here is the celebrity of the courthouse.

All eight stories of it.

It can handle a lot of
complexity really well.

He was before plans showing the
circulation past we generate the graphs

traversal graph through all public space
or see as we all circulation space.

It may be public or
maybe secure maybe restricted.

And then at the shows
those graph traversals

from a perspective in the book
building as well as going up and

down stairs and elevators and
get these ten test results.

I that we debug the system on the
Jackson Jackson Mississippi courthouse.

We're now looking at Jefferson City
courthouse federal courthouse in Iowa.

We're looking at other court houses.

One of the things that we were
learned in doing this kind of analysis

is one of the models have to be built.

Well.

A stairway has to be labeled a stairway
it have stairway objects in it.

We spent more time trying to develop
a standard set of name spaces.

I have a room called W..

It's not a work room and washroom is
a woman throw a person because they

are where there's an amber right next
to it must be men and women computer.

Would have to search around
with like at least W.

or wherever something as an abbreviation.

So we spread.

We have a maybe Space X..

For that our team right now
it's a drug and we've got.

We're we're we're looking at V.A.
hospitals also as another exercise

that we're going to have a wonderful name
a dictionary problem to solve there.

But the larger point is the quality
of these models become very important

as we start using them for more and
more intelligent kinds of operation but

have a story really well we can
visualize all of these kind of errors.

And in the future.

The next stage is we're looking at court
will lay out there are many quite hearing

about how a court we should be defying
Here's a little example of a court will

that we're working with and I one of
the Ph D. students Jamie Lynn Levy is

is developing a rule set at
a general library for dealing with.

Both A.D.H. access in courtrooms so
that the judge jury witnesses and

audience could be a D.S.S.
about this bold type or alter or

height space with the regular
furniture laid out a in it.

Some of it.
For example but not.

And to deal with things like sight lines
so this is the circulation patterns.

These are the sideline issues
this is just one of them.

Dealing with accessibility with
regard to steps clearances and

wets where we can really begin to.

Wind grain ergonomic Human Factor
kind of issues in spaces and

we expect applied as for
hospitals to towards very important.

Build up the toolset the general
point that I want to make here.

Well and we're using an analogy from G.R.

from the geographical information systems
which has a mode both languages for

writing no sense for interrogating
Yes databases that in the future our

expectation is that there will be computer
languages for writing and accessible.

Or rules for who applied to be a model.

And who put patients here
is that best practices

with your bed and various kinds
of tools and at the minimal level

architectural graphics standard has been a
standard construction practices has layout

guidelines for different kinds of
building or manual or your world.

We're going to have new technology or
embedding standard practices or

good practices in Arbil tools and
in fact that will be a major

area of research development and
moving into the field in the near future.

I expect to see design guide
by large clients certainly

building code checks or
at the highest level.

I think quite building types will
have to slide rule checking for

the building just like we do it for
G.S.A..

And we may even see for a special if
the if the tools for building design

requirements and checking the automatic
we are strong are powerful and

easy enough you will see them for large
individual projects like a like an airport

or this is part of the expansion

the building of from a fan modeling
allows just one example of many.

That exist.

I guess my general point it's
already been made many times

we had been conference in two thousand and
five with very laser and

I hope organized and
when Revolutions occur.

Some people rise to the occasion
love it and take advantage of it and

other people away.

Thank you very much to Atlanta.