Because time is a little time is a way of
finding yourself in the universe when you

fall there's a feeling like three long ago
told you these liberation where it is and

when the act of timing is imagines a
number and that's makes it very simple but

there's also something fundamentally
different about time firstly

because I has a direction here in
the room the state seems to have

a direction daily you tell the service
between up and down well as the direction

in which things fall when you drop so
you don't think that some deed or

either of the fundamental architectural
reality this is a local no money was

the Earth is right there falling
you are not out there in space

floating far away from anything there
will be no your bridges we are down left

right we're back with all the different
ways of saying see the Create he or

she lives are the years that there's
a direction of htat past and future is for

you to lazy to measure boolean values
are utterly different from each other so

we call that difference the arrow
of the head as itself in many ways

whether it's automobiles
are saying hers or

society is out something's
changed with time and

here in a way I show you these
pictures well enough harsh you know no

one was on the back with
one from the rest so.

You certainly haven't they.

Know these are just predictable that.

We don't yet have a forum for
is happening any time soon so

that our own time the fact
that evolution from the past

through the present future as
the proverbial rationalist or

exists in many different ways isn't
the feature of the world we live

once you understand it better think
about the different ways it does matter.

So all of us in this room here through
that when we were born we were younger.

And in the future we will be older or we
were all be equally or young the ages for

the particular consistent predictable
way less were better than but

still we have known calories and
we matter in the past

only remember the future we
can predict the future but

I hope nobody in this room and
the memory of the future or

let me know we never see or
hear memories of.

We don't have only a grasp of the future
of fossil records of the future or

anything like.

We do we have the village make
a choice now I will look back

at the few good shoes right now say
this is a boring lecturer now only

he cannot choose right now say hard this
is always going to have been a boring

leisure I will not have a car
manufacturers you do not believe that.

They give choice for a man like you know
our noses are causing the fact we think

that because at first you act
really good to yourself or

when you bump a glass of wine or
you say the cause of the wine glass

falling was my elbow did you not say
the cause of the moving my elbow with

the wine glass was going to
fall something and move like.

Hell all this is so natural and green in
the obvious that we almost don't think.

If you were sort of say an ancient Greek
thinker about the nature of reality arrow

of time was tough possibly the invitee
there was dust in the bridge to the past

what has already happened in the future
hasn't happened yet obviously there is

a general thing comes along all this new
project of the laws of physics that we get

from you the order of offer
anyone money that we have that.

When you look at the deep down was
this it they can have a poverty but

they don't distinguish
between the past and

there is no arrow of time in the young.

So for example if you have a billiard
table and you all bump into each other's

hair all these were imaginings of
the business billiard tables and

there's no friction no noise no
just of a list every experiment and

let's say you made a movie of that.

And you played a movie backwards so
nobody will be able

to see how well you are playing
that movie and we're back.

To the rules of Microsoft's fundamental
dancers were everywhere you things did

happen in one direction and you have
it exactly backwards direction as well

same thing is true for that angle in
there or think things through the planet

to be around the sun and this is true
whether you're writing you or teach or

Maxwell or Albert Einstein or
ed with all of our best.

Anything fundamental laws of physics
have all of these the past two or three.

So how can it be that one of
the most I'll just be sure

of our everyday world
the profound difference in asd.

And yet
our best description of the world and

keep up all these known there between us.

We don't know all the details very clearly
has something to do with the difference

between a small number of moving pieces
just a couple of walls of the in each

other versus large macroscopic
off one hinge of the macroscopic

world of many many molecules of water for
example we experience

behaviors that see he remembers
that we have one directly time but

not the other we start
with a glass of water or

warm water with an ice cube a bowl of all
enjoy a glass of cool water they're for.

I Just Tell You have a glass
of water right now and

I think play the movie backwards
where did that come from.

Based on macroscopic information alone you
don't have the against me in the glass of

water and eating it would last one
macroscopic behavior the world

seems to not be reversible in the same
way that the microscope there was.

So clearly this has something to do
with the actual the direction of stuff

in the ether so the first step for
the scientific understanding

of this is to invent dark and
the joining events is entropy

entropy is the concept of those
three here in the region necessary.

On the ladder you have when
your room used one like and

on the right you have what your room
will look like to the near future.

And your beams of light characterizing how
Massy we're just sort of the word this

word in our collection of stuff whether
it's molecules in a glass of water or

cream mixing in the coffee or in.

The books in the papers the reviewer
of the Left to their own

things go for the bigger ration
of low entropy orderly and

nicely remain poorly
invigoration of higher end of

the room my lonesome were
no primary hard to fix it

it will naturally come
messy right now to Sally.

Left it all by itself if you start with
amassing room it will never clean itself

up sorry about that this is a fundamental
law of nature the rooms do not leave them

selves up we call this law the second
law of the mother who is the sexiest

of the laws of the region and makes the
first floor just as energy is the server

to be honest I only remember the zero
the laws of the Second Law of this

is one of the best laws at all visit
the second was as the entropy.

This orderly friend of yours mixed up it.

Increases were asking me into the closed
system over time of course you're allowed

to clean your room more often encourage
the leader or lower the entropy of the.

Model of one body to be greater to
get who are in it that people go.

Into that is not in a closed
system left to themselves

objects in the first get mastered
their answer be brief and

underwrote in that very explicitly
orderly or a low entropy system

it is very very easy to turn that into
a broken they were just rambling but

it is very different holding back never
happened this human experience so

in the scrambled eggs that
each one on the road you get.

So this is a relationship
between ha an entropy namely

as time goes from the past to
the future entropy increases

this is one manifestation of the arrow of
time what are the points I want to make in

a lecture is this is the single thing
that underlies all your Majesty

the memory goes out easy it's all
because entropy is increasing.

And you get married I'm understanding
what entropy really adds

are minors understanding was handed
down by this guy one big ball.

Now ball and as far as I'm concerned
this is a tombstone in the end he

really that she was in every
single this is the spiders who

she eagerly he has
an equation on his tombstone.

And in the air I always tell the students
that I am what we should always be using

what is the leader of the Almighty on
Sunday I hope this is a very light

enough myself I won the war of
the whole world just one month

evolution on Hoffman's genes.

Lose definition of entropy now the I mean
already been around there was sort of

interesting little bit of the intersection
between science technology and

nationalism in the nineteenth
century the really easy hundred

the French were upset because the British
kept building better steam engine and

the sort of French engineers are seen
are not always very tenderly friendly lays

a well in the World country steam and
what he shows that even the best

possible steam engine certainly
be addition to some degree wage

there's a lot of usable energy
it was Rudolph I'll see here to

formalize Karnos relation to something
called the growth of energy and

it was both an absolute that
we tried to define and.

The only means by that is also
in the south and east and

some of his friends actually
Well here's tungsten

these were very serious who believe
that the world was made of.

It was not uncommon belief among
this is of the time and this and

already caught on in
the world as Mayor Adams but

if it were strong like that belong.

There were business like he
said as this is he shouldn't

harm the Valhalla it was you and
me there isn't one as well

I'm also viable hypothesis I thought
as he should have no role in explaining

the world the way you see around you just
sounds familiar from more modern contact

football when his friend said even though
he didn't see the error he helped explains

users of the world of the music in
particular Bolton said if you ran the ARA

then I don't need to postulate the growth
of venture the independent law of nature I

think you're right there for the behavior
of the ARA So imagine for example.

Harvey this is why wait here if you're
applying this is you know this can't be

coffee he screams offloads on top of
coffee this is the relic you were

some terrible liar or you were these
they're aware of something and it looks

like agreement Harvey Illinois is that
all it says I believe this is made out or

molecules now say for
the coffee then when I look at that

I don't see individual atoms in
Mali I see the green in the coffee

so that means is that there
are many different ways and

the range of the individual atoms
that would look the same shit.

There's a certain number of ways like
foreign exchange various screen molecules

or other remote you or
I could exchange various call them You'll

love it all and it will look the same
that first off why can't you

just start interchange the beam and off
each month else is there any color there.

So there's a certain counting you
didn't know of the number of ways

you could have a range between
molecules in the column of fuel and

that this number tell you arrangements
of both the same macroscopic

in the higher entropy to the ratio
there are many more ways to

arrange the individual molecules
that looks the same macroscopic So

there's if your cell phone was progressing
from that picture that you're sure that

they're sure you know the time you
are left or right just from your everyday.

Entropy is increasing what Holtzmann
sad is that the reason why

actually increases from here to here and
never eat really matter how well

you serve coffee you're not
going the next themselves.

Simply because there are many many
more ways arrange the atoms and

molecules in a high entropy
figuration in a low entropy.

That the entropy resolver.

Mind is not an absolute law this is
the mystical law it is overwhelmingly

probable that you start in the low and you
can degree it will all who are high energy

one because there are more ways
the minds of the than the lower.

So that is the reason holds for

the second law is simply a matter
absolute So to some extent.

That counts as an explanation for
why entropy has to be right and

balls with himself on this was
an explanation there were one or all

each the physical philosophical debates in
the late night eventually about whether or

not this really counted as most.

Likely yet even the very short answer.

He didn't realize it away
can answer the next so

the point is think of all the different
possible configurations of stuff and

then divide those continuations and what
are called macros they are I do stage or

in the same actors they look the same
that are started by an actress they

are many little sticks in their lower
ones out of just a few so Paul Smith

is correct when he says that if you start
a lawyer these days just wander off and

basically the only probability you
will end up with high injuries.

The problem is why you starting
a low injuries day to begin with

you started a random place this enormously
more likely you just start high.

So what also is doing is
explaining why starting today

the entropy of the universe will be
higher tomorrow and you know why but

this logic would also imply that the end
of the universe was higher yesterday.

If all you know is that of a year in this
injury media these days here most of your

futures go up higher in the world of your
past Homma from higher entropy as well.

You're not completely
explain the real world

in which we think the enemy of
the universe was lower in the.

Well I let you think for a few seconds
of the question Ilya universe today

why was the enemy of
the universe lower yesterday.

OK now we know the answer is because

the end of universe was even
lower than eighty four yesterday.

I say that I'm very very
Why was there any lower or

yesterday the answer was even
lower than anywhere that.

And this is it the correct
answer is know that I am and

this is a fact about the universe and
this logic goes back thirteen point eight

billion years do you believe
that the reason why answer B.

has been increasing in the past
were really years of this.

Is not because of the fundamental
deep down microscope it was this it

is because of it and
this will give this year the big bang so

we call this half hypothesis
the fact that the early universe

started in the city very very low and
what it means is that the explanation for

the arrow on or observed universe is
very analogous to the explanation for

the arrow spaces here in
this room remember we

tell the difference between up and
down the narrow space of a bird or rack.

Because of the down was because the live

in the city of the influential
are back in the earth.

Likewise the reason for the arrow of time
for a direction time is not because of

the event was there but the only lives
in the aftermath we end up in one full

event namely the Big Bang and
Big Bang is what side of the universe for

all the subsequent Lucian and
the reason that.

So that explains why interviews
increasing yet you Grant be

that the Big Bang had a very very
Only it does not explain why the big.

That has a following that is now
an offer of quality and we get sort of

leader head so you have the answer is
nobody had any idea of moving while.

I try figure out the answer I asked and

later years I will share you some
ideas that might not be right and so

I'm very very close at each word this
is brief where there are good ideas or

go on so
my job here is to find people this

is a really really important problem so
that some young person in the audience

will solve this problem and then when
you're giving your Nobel Prize exactly

speak you will remember this lecture
that was hard really I interested

in understanding why the envy
of the big bang is so small.

So this past hypothesis the small and
the Big Bang and claim these flames

are all the arrows of time so I have to
look through all the possibilities but

let me give you one example one of the
last group call asymmetry of understanding

access to the past and the future the fact
that we remember the past enough to.

Go back to remember the past eater is
not some mystical property of our brain

it made a statement about heart attacks
here in the world we have photographs of

the past year record of the past
the way we don't have records of

the future so
why is there is invalid we ask.

So I like to examine this particular
model system called the broken act

that you're walking down the street one
day on the sidewalk you see it broken at

your first thought is how I
must in the physics lecture

you look like well talking about X.
rays you know will never get so

what I want you to do is think about
the possible future revolutions

of that if I just is there for
a long time a reason or

my timeline and walk away a dog might
come by and eat it were some person.

Cleans it up there's a possibility
of those very very very high E.

the range of motions of the egg
might resemble each one program

is not Anatomy with overwhelming
probability but it could.

Now ask yourself what about
the last evolution of the.

If you only look at the fundamental
Gene down microscope it was busy

with the SAT of all as trajectories or
evolutions of the adding exactly the same

exact way as they just sort of
all possible future evolution but

in your mind you know that one of them
is overwhelmingly likely one namely that

this used to be unbroken and
if someone wrong.

How do you know.

What is it gives us an enormous
leverage over almost all of the things

that could have GA the past we answer
is it seems we're the place of

the Deep down you know the banks are so
low as.

You know earlier than down meaning this
very very more in the past when you

look for exact reserves existed
Well what we know today and

the low entropy that exacerbating
reconstruction in the.

Given lower the big bang and the evidence
of the egg on the sidewalk you infer

the existence of the UN broken egg in
the back as a model for how all kinds of

memory work always rely on this past life.

So what we want to do today is
explain why the early universe

low after why was it like.

So this is done all of your rational
cosmologists I will tell you

what the real early
years was actually like

this is a photograph taken of the universe
one second after the big THAT.

Looks like that this is all right
you're not laughing now you.

Are really a photograph
just look quite far but

why does one second after
the big bang universe.

Was completely each of them it was it
was dense it was smooth it was rapidly

expanding it was so hard it was radiating
to meet the band that all the way of life

possible radiator in almost the same
in all directions the Big Bang is not

a point in an object in resisting
space it is the beginning of

the whole universe so it does not look
like some explosion seen from far away you

ever see it in the middle of that of the
big bang you know your life this is what

it was like This is what the sign of
the universe to you would look like

let's say one second because we have
no idea what happens at zero star

of the day we have no idea what happens
it will be actually call the Big Bang

that's the moment when our understanding
of the universe fails up even

once a year you gravity make sense we
can make guesses and hypotheses but

if people tell you things like the big
bang in the universe there's something for

the Big Bang or you go for
the Big Bang is like you know what we're

all veterans other than
are you are being like you

we don't know what happened before
the big one second it looks like this

unless things go what happens
is the worst experience.

And cool so at this after.

Three hundred thousand years after the big
red this is time the moment in history in

the universe is going to be as
transparent earlier this moment it was so

hot that you couldn't make out like
drawings were slamming into other

electrons with such energy that they
didn't tend to stick to the common nuclei

that make the entire online I
am after this time it's cool and

the what happens is told me
combinations the electrons join up

with the protons of the loop they
are unique am their data for

the universe now transparent more
than the photons just pumping in.

The laughter on the free electrons and
yet very boring nothing was seen and

heard of your days after this point zero
tolerance the free street rewards E.U.

leaders and landed some also
good moment around the earth so

the center is on the wrong satellite one
of the sounds go in orbit around the earth

and what we see is that university
come a little bit more lucky on

one of these three this is really a state
of this is really in at least breaking in

the differences in our recent differences
in temperature of one morning one

hundred hours Heinie time here for
the average or from place to place for

those differences in temperature like
real surfaces and the density and

temperature of matter in the.

One the PSNI gravity having done
the actual work what gravity

does this is a region where there's
a slightly over dense slightly more

articles in this part of the universe the
somewhere else in gravity pulls particles

toward that region and slightly and
here they are and yeah.

So gradually works to gradually turn
up the contrast of the universe really

perfectly smooth to a little bit lucky to
our universe today that looks like that

this is an excerpt from the Hubble over
do you feel these are individual galaxies

he lives in the Milky Way Elysee Palace
in the fallow billion dollars

worth of nitrogen and we live in a
universe about a hundred billion galaxies

in the age of the universe the hundred
billion he measured in your years so

I don't know what the significance
of that is but for

dollars one hundred billion
is the only number each and.

Every one of these little sparkly Hello
Reds are right there is a galaxy roughly

the same size or the way the really
the story and leave them really.

And then probably have
planets very large and

there right there there are many agencies
of technology there and marketers and

that look if there's a lot wondering
maybe one of the big bang as media.

So in most cosmologists lectures
the history of the universe the end

there the implicit being that we are look
only Asian the cause we're losing them

here first of all the universe
we can see with all the apple.

Says we're finally past the future
an equal footing we should be plowing

into the future so we don't have
got a grasp of the future for

years of the universe will look like
one quadrillion years from the day

one what really hears and that they're
seen is STILL isn't because after time

after wish all of the stars will have this
all about you the universe the bright

star light right now the stars at a finite
amount of time earlier you all so one of

the last are burns out in the universe
that nothing in it but black holes and

rocks rocks in the center of planets and
stars so this is a dark and

lonely universe but it's still not done
all that was going to happen is those

rocks are going to fall in a lot of holes
and then you the universe with nothing but

black hole in a black
hole all each other and

you're left with a huge super massive
black hole moving away from each other.

But even that's not yet because Stephen
Hawking told us in the ninety's that in

these things even black holes give
off radiation like holes very

very gradually leak out their energy into
the surrounding universe of the former

very very very low energy photons
another part of it takes a long time but

eventually even those black holes
will completely evaporated away so

the final picture is this photograph of
the universe ten to one hundred years

after the Big Bang when the last
black hole as a battery.

This is the number that when I was your
age the whole the Google easily the word

been taken over by the word ten or one
hundred isn't actually the number ten and

one hundred words who will.

And all the love and
universe is nothing at all and

easy to imagine I eased covered
the universe not only expanding but

exhilarating just to galaxies are moving
believe much faster and faster so

evil we acceleration all of us
old dark energy will never stop

we all know the words matter where you are
but the simple model says this will simply

continue forever the worst luck with
the last will and the out getting more and

more dark cold and
lonely as your future court.

Hearing is really the mother in you.

However the story as wonderful as it.

Raises a question also
of another conflict so

here is the use of
the word from one second.

There we are in the middle of
the story was I am over the years.

So sometimes you will
hear the question really

if the universe is history is
just a story of entropy increases

of more more disorder and
they also read how as it is even more so

something is explicitly complex and
orderly as human beings or

other life forms here on earth could have
arisen out of under-educated mindless

evolution so hard that answers are that is
that you know the earth is not a closed

system second long it will not say that
the entropy of the earth has either

e resort to open systems
changing environment but

that explanation doesn't explain
still why in those allowed

light actually did happen that
complex structures arose here on but

that's because you're
confusing entropy with.

Complexity were simplicity so if you
look at this picture the first picture

once at the end of the exact
this is very very low interest.

But it's also seemingly simple right I
mean literally in the white rectangle

that's it.

If you look at the last picture and the
one hundred years is now higher there's

a lot more pastries because everything
is a stand in a way everything.

Is.
Also extremely simple

it's not like rectangle.

These are the the same texture
just the color you know about.

It in which we were the interview
with in the midst of the trees

of the universe was on black.

We actually led in the exciting
part of this review were

stars are burning where it is interesting
structure where there are galaxies and

landholders interesting stuff going on so

although Andrew beat us
increases increases you.

Complexity increases and decreases.

And this is a robust heat here in both
systems the same thing happened in

the hockey on the last low entropy but
simple all the reward all

the coffee on the bar on the right high
entropy most simple there everything's

Next up in the middle is where it got
home last night and rolls of the cream or

mixing in a fractal pattern with a call in
requires more information on the back and

also she tell me what is
happening there in the middle.

This is robustly a complexity is not
eat any of that your legal advice.

The appearance of complexity relies on
the fact that entropy is increasing

from a low or too high back and
there's life on earth is not just

consistent with the second law
it's the haunting of the sun and

again to make that a little bit
more quantitative this is a.

I was there will outline that last
city for me underneath the range of

ocean a likely place for things that
they know that are going on there and

resemble the first heroes
of life on earth for

the we'll know what happens with life here
on earth is yours one hundred your theory

this is a hearing like my muscles like
the G L I sat next to Mike and I met for

the first time I want an airplane I was
reading of this is very very well yes I

believe that usually when that
happens when your players avoid.

Being actually listening we chit chat and

he goes yes I can tell you
what the purpose of life here.

But yet people say that you don't
know where they might look.

Like you were there are a purpose of life
the purpose of life is a high class need

carbon dioxide smoking
that's not evil you know.

What he has in mind is in the early
editions of the earth and

that he in the period before there was
anything more than just rocks there was in

his heel of a lot of carbon dioxide
a lot of hydrogen looks relatively

speaking is a low entropy invigoration you
take the same basic institutionalising

into a lot of higher entropy regime you
can turn that carbon dioxide methane.

Streaming yet on his off engine replacing
them with hybrids The problem is that

the engine immediate steps decrease the
entropy burst rather than if you see so

there's no easy task from Harley
off the mat here is a complex

that requires a series of metabolic
reactions have a low isn't very

good way so Russell's theory
is that the precursor to life

was a series of chemical Old Crow
metabolic pathways to get taken

advantage of the low entropy environment
it was then and eventually sort of not so.

Read it broke free of the poorest drop it
was warning sign the cell membrane and

kept on going this is what is all
the metabolism of birth dearie in

contrast with the replication first year
nobody knows what the right year but

the point is that life in this
here is simply an outgrowth of

this is the desire to want to put it
that way to increase its entropy.

And then once you get life darling I know
this is a bit of a side like the you know

your captive audience looking you.

Once you get like really good
deeds on the increase of entropy

There's a wonderful little book written
by Erwin Schrodinger these dances off of

the forty earned wages in
this particular torture pack.

In this book called What is lying through
your says life is something that seems

to be moving along after a sort of
stop you expected good stuff so

goldfish like goldfish bowl water whatever
brought in the whole water will just sit

there on the lending put an ice cube
move all water will just come out

of the goldfish in the bowl of water it
will die if it's Michael this means you

need all of it even knowing where it
really was on what is what is going

on there what's going on is the food
you give the goal is actually is energy

free energy energy in
a concentrated low entropy form and

the goldfish increases the entropy
of the stuff you get in and

I'm going at the end used
to me is integrity and

mobility This is a microcosm what happens
here on the earth this is almost like

these artists why they really are lectured
in this serious water I wrote.

This is a vector of the Earth's
biosphere you know we get

light from the Sun Yes someone
what is the song ever done for

us the money holy of the sun
gives us energy it and the.

Right that's not exactly
right we get back to the.

Almost exactly the same that we
get from the sun the differences

we get like the sun in the visible or
the radiated in the infrared.

For every one photon we get from the sun
the slushie photons back in the universe

each with once once you
know the energy on.

Which means you increase the entropy
of that radiation by a factor of plants

we get a low entropy energy from the Sun
The Sun is a bright spot in the coals car

we use it to others in the size that
you work to take lecture notes and

things like that many very very
out of hours with one wire

using the free energy of
the first increasing it had

to do that like doing at measure
A alive when you were active.

All right another this resigned stuff
with by all these of the last very long.

Holiday.

Hardware worry he said that the reason why
entropy is the only reason over the all

the numbers is a combination of old and
insight there are more ways the high and

low entropy we're not done on this is
the idea the interview was very low

near the big so that the dog
challenge because knowledge of why

was the passage of this through evolution
was not done right he knew about this so

he proposed and I hear this is one
of those ideas you proposed this so

I'm Barassi as you propose it all and
leave it on is this is.

What we have no involvement here and
then even There's a moment in the eighteen

nineteen century you know US generals
are the one who can issue the big bang or

anything like that he thought the universe
was eternal Newtonian absolute space.

There are.
Particles bumping into each other it was

infinitely all.

If that's true he's going to university
usually be in virtually every

infinite time to pull over the last
gasp as we speak with you.

But because he was all he knew that
started Michael will be in the maximum and

we say there will be an evil
rare love wages down

lower entropy in the race
which would then relax that.

It's just stating that in this room
if you take the air in this room and

are enough to leave it there for
ever you'll see you need one to ation all

the air molecules rushed why after
the room and then rush back into time will

take on everything that happened much more
for you than the age of the universe but

if you have infinitely long ways it will
eventually happen with probability one.

So also and in that sense she like
years with her now will love it like

every post knowledge of
the enthralling principle and

the multiverse what he says is
the universe didn't leave a field and

most of the time easy Libya but
if you wait long enough in there for

the region there we want to ease
the lower edge of the city.

And you a very very very long have been a
long way you're only a few blocks away and

what he says this is the size of our Milky
Way galaxy always the center of the time

to be our entire world so easily and
probably will be a whole and

probably always a very explicit
the most of the universe is that

you know that you can have life only
you can enter the park you're living

we only have one in those rare moments of
the universe where entropy going down and

then will come back up again so
there's a selection of that you will only

find observers in those parts of the whole
or the earth where the entropy is

really very loved here for years on
supplies things are told that we find our.

Well in a small part of the giant universe

that is hospitable to
the emergence of life.

In turns out the US is original idea
of the first one to say that if you go

back to the literature the first
example I could find was this easy

this is Lucretia a Roman holiday
who like all men was in Paris

he was stuck with all of this
playing in the verges of order and

complexity you know well that
was just out of the interior so

he says this year to Madison in
Latin is actually Xander but

when he says it is surely the Adams
does not hold council signing

orders be flexing their teeth minds
with play in the place in motion and

who goes where does the Romans or.

Rather Are they shuffled and tumbled in
anyway in the course of the endless time

their puppet is going along chances
on almost in combination and lastly

all into such an arrangement as we create
this universe is exactly what the idea

that once around the media each other late
morning our new universe will look like.

Fortunately there's also in the creature
scenario is one hundred percent wrong

we know it's not right don't fear
that we're all the random population.

So this was pointed out like this
guy our direction 1930's and

what he did is I looked mostly shuddered
on what he proposed the idea he thought

about it a little more quantitative he
ran the numbers so engines as of course

in the elite live really there will be
a peaceful fluctuation lower entries.

But we know how frequently they happen

we know this small fluctuations
happen more money than large ones.

In fact true scientists of the group made
of all the illegals is either lying or

still that ass were dumped at
the same general so you have many.

These are fluctuations when you're waiting
for something particular to happen or

the emergence of intelligent life were
single intelligent conscious of server

in the past you should ask yourself what
is the minimum time in the fluctuations of

issues that were need to happen in
order to reach that English and

there is not yet another way to leave
fluctuating the whole Milky Way galaxy

will be all the other stars
are you know as he was playing us

we knew perfectly fine just with
us wading into the solar system.

And then he said no he didn't say
these words were paraphrasing here.

You know that matter I don't
know you guys I'm waiting for

one to meet you looks way to exist
just overwhelmingly likely post for

the situation are all on the universe.

And then back to what we really just
want to some conscious observers and

information processing system that
observers even we have a body

it's just easy enough after we go
green the sort of lives one of us look

around the room we live
we all of them die.

Slowly overwhelming majority of the
reserves in this old money in the east in

the closely universe are just
somebody's brain that lives for

a little couple seconds and then you
know these are now holes in the brain.

This is an image from your own mind
mislabelled the idea it's not all

holes in the brain underneath the juice
not only is it neat mostly right.

Now you have a logic right
you know why is this.

The universe we live in we're not saying
this is a good idea we're doing the wrong

and that is a complicated little of the
glory one just for getting up close and

great many books way into this
room with us in the sewing

room mind all of us really here our mental
state that we think there is stuff for.

In this scenario yes indeed existence
of this room is still overwhelmingly

likely the rest of the numbers
are empty and really.

And that all of our impressions was
true outside our reasoning with the laws

of physics and math and
logic randomly books where you are very so

healthy true that the stereo
flunkies rack is a good reason

to think it is correct so
we reject was your final of.

How they were readers of
the article New York Times

they did not quite
appreciate as the author so

those of us like me were quoted in
the article a little piece of hate mail.

From young George away for YEARS and
YEARS OLD use various sounds

in this article of news and tales and
write he was a very loose on the family.

So George writes I don't know if you exist
but like I do not agree with your article

and I do not believe that mumbojumbo
can do well isn't working for

us but I know how to deal with it a lot
of the world isn't here under my nose but

if you do I can say I'm sorry.

Sincerely A ten year old who knows
a little more this song be bold

or.

He asks something well
I'm alone too much time.

Please let me leave you with your son
with yours growing up in a place precious

Well OK you'll eat or.

Eat M.R.E. we're not saying you will just
say the same if he looking as he did that

so how can we do better one of
the lessons one learns by giving one of

those off is that one's credibility always
goes off the road picture of our city.

I like you maybe all of them are taking to
the sort of insult challenge all of us say

and says in order to make an apple
pie must first invent the universe.

There's some there's something easy
theory just recently written about why

the picture of the level of ice or
any purpose whatsoever

you know what must look like.

So what to say to mean by this or that
surely all know the force that without

the universe at all
there would be analyzed.

But there's a slightly deeper meaning if
you're not making up your Harley that

legalizes eat apples
ease each other Sutter.

That eat apple orchard.

Sugar Lancy that we eat and that means
you need the earth and the biosphere and

the sun and that you can eat the same
way in the universe and the thing.

That might be what your logic is anyway
but that logic is not correct in the holes

in the creationist scenario if you have
a randomly punch we will never be ensemble

of matter the way and yet
an alibi is just too late.

Since the only real way
the outlaws come from.

Both a liar like that communism would
it would reveal that origins and so

we think in our universe pieces of our
eyes reggaeton this is about four years or

five years.

So he wants to look for all of my
whole saidin universe the universe as

it wished when there is an apple pie there
was an apple orchard in the wilds furious

when you see a low entropy city on one
side of the sign this higher energy

the only lifeline is lower and
there is a long line holding

the end of the universe of all ages
you invent a scenario in which that.

Alley wall.

Myself have made reference to what I want
to tell us about one possible way one off

and that is that the universe is eternal.

We think of the Big Bang was false and
you know it was not the beginning of time

we don't know whether it is or not but
there was more universe before

the Big Bang with the special
property that if we are here.

And should be increasing upward time goes
up and down the increase in that way but

it also is increasing that
way once you get down part

of the arrow find point in one direction
we're both we call the future but

as you know already over the past
the Arabs line the other way so

that the whole nagging is a matter
with respect to time and money and

I think issues for that are you actually
make it happen in a natural way so

our suggestion by this I mean me and
Jennifer Chan was a right to work with

what she used to baby universe.

Unabashedly speculative part of the idea
but you know the general relativity says

space and time are flexible
financial change in response to

the influence of matter never quantum
mechanics says that you can denounce

Classical of existence of particular
configuration he will fluctuate around so

he believe of those of the same time it
is natural to believe that space itself

will be easily sort of fluctuate
a little bit have a little bit and

if you wait on long enough time taking
legal sniffles will sort of pension off

and go their own life and use all
equations for this it happens rarely but

there's a non-zero chance some
will hold it will actually so

what you have are more or
less here along and over.

Usually it was the last true one in
the end but the conditions are right

you can get inflation in front of all
your A lot of that lowball him explain.

An alien universe with hundreds
of billions of galaxies

the universe to tend to eat photons and
articles you seem to have in and

out so the point is that from and here and

the space you did make a little model
there's a vague universe that expands

in exactly the way that our
universe seems to have evolved

these the universe is naturally
again small Vanessa's move

because smaller universes are easier
today than Lord one engines

good ones will survive longer dance
were really one's will to last there's

a selection the fact once again that the
kinds of universes you will find yourself

in actually look like they came from
something alive in low entropy that well

along the way you're not ever decreasing
the entropy then either you're taking

the original universe to start with then
adding the enemy of the whole universe so

the entropy of the multiverse increases
in this model for ever and ever.

And the best part of it is like I said
you can play this game in both directions

of time so imagine the E.G.
any here in the middle and

high into the vertical
axis you haven't any wife.

And your son hauls upward upward or
it was as if

there is some chance some probability
reading this freeze time all you and

you can enjoy all the little baby
universe recently state and all and

then entropy increases the structure
grows and there's an air of

Eventually it will last and you can see
why it will have its own children and

like in the real world the very soul and
never talk to their parents or

you know there's nothing you
say should be versus there.

Plus you can tell the same story
down where you know you saw it and

see why it's an universe you go down
where the fundamental laws of this

as you said in the beginning
don't have any here.

The Past Lives of the future they don't
treat them any differently so there

they are new creations of the universe as
an arrow line going up this way there he

the same thing going down that way there
are the people living in this city call

this the future and
say we are in their past.

We call this the future and they are they
are our situations completely soon after

the people down here have a narrow verse
five hours a day of loneliness one day if

universe nobody sees them legs
are scrambling we're falling I'm mixing

you say that this was a low entropy
direction I mean this is the higher.

They think that our arrow on.

The whole wall she verse is so
natural with respect.

So the nice thing about this is
that the Arab life is not well yet

so hold your hand is a matter of with
respect to time did increase of and

your be as a natural means your business
model of entropy had always in reason

you not hit from a legal agreement but
actually like involved in the model you

just increase and change for after the
life of the universe is one eternal G.-D.

now we invoke the universe to make this
happen those may or may not be possible we

haven't named one in the lab yet I don't
know whether anyone has seen and that.

Ends up at least part of the structure
in that we can imagine models we wish

we didn't cheat like making the universe
low entropy at any moment yes

numerously always go low go down on
the fact that entropy is changing

dramatically in our local region is
explained rather than possibly So

once you know that you're with us always
some other model that's on the line we

understand the arrow of time so.

I want to keep to the end of my.

There's a lesson for the old one is
that there's a lot we will understand

and in the end.

We understand why
interviews it given that.

We understand that everything that can
help explain every day was out in.

The second thing is there is something
really big you mean work going on for

years and foreign policy why
we're starting to slowly day

in English myself explain it all Polish
gold may or may not explain it I do

there's a bit over ninety nine percent
of all the holes on the more than a.

Plain song you just have to explain it so
here we hear anybody believe

the talk of power they claim you have
three of the universe demand that you

explain why the early universe low and
very optimistic that there is something

that will be explained in life I.E.
you are some of us look for

you coming back in your your heart and
the reason we have all why.

Can't.

There.

Be.
A.

Way out our last warning.

That you are you fine let
me reassure you quietly.

Leave me alone and my dear.

They are.

Very.

Likely to.

Say the least but.

There are no lightning.

You know one of the following.

The story all along.

Was he sure there are some
owners won't want to hear your.

New article for six and
it says it all going on any number of.

Things we love OK one more level.

Was a.

Clue there you never will yes or

you can anyway there's.

Nothing curious.

Hit me.

For the radio you're in and.

So you can hear my phone for
a rally my brain Thank

you.

But the question now is and
the song was out thanks for

the.

Answers there are no
rules that are no laws.

Say to me that we don't want a.

Whole system we have you were.

On.

Something told me.

That all flows are easing.

Up will be no.

Part of this is that we're very.

Close and there is no need for
closing out.

Any.

One thing.

Easily.

Yes So.

Much to I will tell you all the.

More you tell the story of the numbers
of how the reason why you're.

So.

In some ghastly Is it all I guess I think
was what was the value of energy going on

the problem is we don't have the one
role way to help you Lee and

the rest on some gravity you don't
know the whole species stage and

you lose all manner of all.

However we know it to very important
limits you think you're liable.

To want to limit rallies here only so and.

Then you're looking at anybody else as the
lumpiness to it is moot then you Helly and

we as a really in the same
order I use the card so

in this case the universe
history five years any

more servile universe is about to be.

The other living understand it is when
you're like all the other funny clothes

and often have the ear you have yet
the black hole in the area.

So that turns out the yellow
one million solar mass planet.

In a one million solar mass but
old and nine years.

So our galaxy I like old
little the seven million or.

So the entropy of the black hole
after more yelling order and

the end of the all
the known life particle.

In the.

Day the Universe is
dominated by all I hold and

yet I never have and.

Then you know they have
they can possibly yet

another thing is the way of all
the laws the answer is out and

one hundred twenty three.

So the on the other side with the B.B.
universe is the universe you can

be using an interview.

Well not.

So you have heard someone
say he's not actually my

hair universe causing it to be other
I'm going to lose this is bigger

than as a tree grows where you can use
a young Iraqis on the border there's

a slightly more cities or
even a little I mean how.

Many stations are just under the river for
nothing.

Is really a stationary.

Word isn't really looks like you're
standing with another word is it looks

like a like thing all the way to go and
you hear a sign on.

The whole thing from here
going up in that direction and

that those employees actually
were I mean looked like this.

And that was our last
second wall of the ring and

a little snapshot of this high level of
the universe in which energies matter the.

Faculty that he goes like this for
when they're using you know.

All right with my phone go over there.

With.

Me three.

He was.

Sending.

Me and says he you know you.

Think well you.

That is a yes out of the question is
like the only see the sunset over

here the arrow of time you were somewhere
else and you now see it so there's a sense

it would like eternal sense the answer is
yes isn't our whole origin and here so

probably be true the universe all
like up here across the sea here but

that's really all black because we came
out of the university the Asian event here

it looks like the big man so
nothing as one of the gang members were

the truth in terms of imagery or
records were held up at the wrong here or

there even without using out energy and
information you can

see what happened with it.

So you're.

Saying.

Yeah you know there's a belief in
this picture but this is very late he

resists and liable if you were standing
outside your server after years and

we're not going to go easy there's any
national space what one looks like

you is that on Mars we brought together
will need a black hole we say.

So in Access I looks like a light pole on
the other side I need one like last night

light so that even in this
room right now you would have.

The energy easily enough that we really.

Don't want to leave the room right
here but it's not really a black hole

is that it is this is different if you
want to handle nature this is only.

Really interesting it is really a funny
little thing that once a week then.

Certainly charges come he's
expecting entire life wallers of it.

The reason.

That very.

Very.

Yes.

And we're.

All a very good question
that answers I can only.

Ask you the universe really is
more matter than and I have.

Photons vary on their order and
on and on and on.

How fortunate it is the result
of the war very often and

why there are so
Orsini close on whatever yet but

we don't know why you want to live here
it is you don't know why it went away or

is it possible that.

The moon landing heralds high
temperature that it out yet.

And I say it is accurate.

For however it is very very
possible that the imbalance in

the Marion Barry everybody
here is a random.

And someone going right just.

Makes a.

Very silly theory here.

I am like.

You.

Are very good so

here you were any here you were a grown up
person living in this world with me and

he sees the thermal equilibrium
there you know that rolls are low he

just why you are in the living room and
you would think that there is no way for

a to get happy one direction
rather than the other but

secretly you're sort of on the low
back of the danger of you know the.

Here is a head way at the end
of the first really crease

aiming like making it even worse.

So you're not really nice
to see the looks that way

you can get all the university
increase the energy of all of that so

you learned one way
lessons are fast thinking.

If going from here where
you can get off when he.

Couldn't you also don't was overly
versus knowing you are right.

The answer is yes but there you would
think that was less like that in

the interview easy process rather than
entropy he says because this universe

has some value to better and that can
only go up like any of the universes

that will happen when.

We do universes get orders from universe
how would you rate the conservation.

Gas Conservation that you use a wonderful
question because I know the answer to that

one so.

It turns out the high any
other energy is a smaller one

in General Rose are the ones
on the reverse of that.

There is no formula for the energy located
in the state but there is a formula for

the energy you go whole universe all
the one in that universe is closer to

something like us here with me my full
version of the sphere formulas and

ending with the total energy equals zero.

Total like charges one zero total of
every concert one of the in this movie

University exactly zero you can be
very very informally think of that

as saying that the energy in average
radiation and stuff is positive

the energy in the curvature of
spacetime is negative anything and so

the nice thing about this all one of
the one of the many many high thing about

this whole thing is that energy is totally
These are made in a number of years.

Versus you you know that you find it.

So has been the musician you really see
something else is here surely you are so

little interest can actually see
what other day to yourself and

yourself is the idea that
there is one central or

regional ancestors for all the rest.

So yes that is the idea there
are these universes that

we have there on the the way there
are you if there is a single universe

this moment in time but
if you are the one to imagine today

there have been many many
more than you will use.

As long as a finite
number you will have this

charity eight years ago
things were even worse than.

Saudis were lost

that.

Was.

Really.

Like.

Each.

Of us.

Here.

In the.

Past.

So I think what he says that
you learn this reading.

Because you can read all sorts of nonsense
through and I know you read other

there's something holding that
lead voice she served in one of.

The.
So you can J.D.

quantum mechanics we have a world where
these things are that real I think if

you perceive it also racial like the
particles beneath on why is the particles

really our part was the particles
over here over there one of them and

he says that the world exists is a super
position of all those things happening in

one and the only choice experiments
are one to go over the whole details but

you start somewhere you go through some
complicated the ration where the system

is doing your thing and
then in the end you made an observation.

And how you talk about what
happened in the middle is

a fact in my little survey here me so
in some sense like making a choice

later you affect what happens for me that.

We end up with in the detail is just
that is a really really bad way for

me about something that is very very
simple and it has all that not only have

you think the world is fundamentally
just cried when I was really really.

Like particles that are truly
spinning off lies or

how they are going through ones that
were the there's only this kind of or

I swear I'm an as an electron though
you may hear as the last place or

the right slit if you don't observe
it it looks like it interferes

I observe the end of a certain way he sort
of inside whether he left in one slip or

you know if you're that only.

That only makes sense that he's doing
here is something all the electron that

you are does with us or does if you think
there is something totally up to you like

it was perfectly happy for ridge line
that he's here this is only right so

I think that these descriptions of little
each choice experiment as information or

influence policy backward in time or

just heard Misha's these
readings of the rules on here.

In hell than myself.

I don't want some form of.

Census through here.

And you see.

You know.

Yeah.

Someone says he's.

Going to move here yeah.

My guess is really see exactly News
this is why you hear this is not a.

Good situation or this is good for

generations this is a very good question
and this I need Also what about you for

me I don't know the answer this one but
I was one out of three here so

this isn't more is you know
like anything like this is a.

Vacuum energy is in peril the jurors face.

Is the answer to the question How
many versions of energy are there in

every cubic centimeter of space
here there's nothing else in

the article no wars there's no money and
we think the answer is and

why it hurts every view is that
you know they are lower berth

on the universe today than he was and
he was the same company.

So we can the numbers will just keep
pushing accuracy for ever more in

didn't hear right so you might ask
well what happens during those and

here was something going on with
your story are they resist for

a long how I believe the following thing.

Even though he said one hundred seventy
of the black holes you already there are.

If you live in a universe with
a non-zero vacuum that is highly like

all he says were inside the rises
rather they are slightly.

Universes that are already
celebrating universes and

then also have a temperature they
also are dealing with radiation.

So it's like a loss is
gas with radiation and

it lasts forever which is
exactly like Olson's you know so

the idea was that in all we hold this
interest very even really nothing will

back matters if you wait long enough
they're only fluctuating out of

the nothingness of the quantum vacuum
if you like your feet safely home free.

So.

How long is used to believe that up until
all the years ago and now only ninety nine

point nine percent of all of this leave
with their leader that they were all.

They had Lizzie at the scene and

me all the but you know listen to me.

That story of fluctuations and
he's very close again turns out that

he mis understanding that you're
the one from the hand and the physical.

Physically and actually we don't know
where these particles or the bumping into

each other will be popular quantum
mechanics says it is not that we don't

know where things are so they don't
really have a way of the spread out and

just there's the other questions
are let us talk about in

this situation energy space it
sees release nation secretly

not only in all life was it was a mistake
is usually not only at all either or

you can also see there is literally
nothing happening in this and

he says are very happy right in particular
there are the ones we usually so there

will be no morals with very low range of
civilization how to deal with this so

we may have a story that we tell
usual cause last little Lucian.

Room here here this is the only
hard it is your universe hospitable

you.

Did you and
desires to be just friends this really

weighty throughout our I was one myself.

And we were.

Years for me but that's a very good
question as well yes you know.

Why my theory is awesome.

Like we'll see how it was.

OK The point is that.

Everyone.

In this scenario if it
were right he runs that.

Way you can make a universally.

And sound wrong.

But this is merely General Assembly
General Zinni and entered in this thing.

Yet the outline of.

This is the whole universe all of one and
you can start hearing very small

place there in the end of
the lecture we need to see but

inflation this little sign of
the universe is still there and

we're the engine back.

Not only by us losing the density
very very large and very small so

the hope is that humanity even the little
one will start small as it stands.

And see yes in the heart so that all you.

Need on the pole now stars in this
universe those particularly large

she's made all your life and
billions are the lies he

left the probability of
making his little things are.

WAY higher than all billion of
them are just the smallest and

harmlessly like the small that.

We have our last one.

Of the reasons you have a question.

To.

Answer your.

Last question that.

I would like to see those are these
rescues worry you must be on your.

So in this equation this is not Jose.

Probably I talk to each other here is
not the way in which actually Raul has

his reasons why he joined
the argument also break it and

we sort of know what is for
you the heinies rocky so you assume that.

These are the kinds of fees and demands
and you could argue that these two ladies

are all this one from each other in the
sense of the council go so wrong if she

appears to be something like Ridge on
the Foreign Office that's really so

it turns out very unflattering
that the numbers don't back you up

if the universe is big anything
then life will never close up

look right in your life holder job or
wife or just friends are part forever and

ever and the salary universe there is
a price for if you're somebody but

more than that size you'll never come
together better how long you wait so

there's only by reaching the phase in
which Michael will come together and

lead on the other hand he goes on as the
National Black Hole that very he helped

lead the energy of the photon intially
say that every year he's the leader and

the interview while so
I can make the race maximize the emperor

has no black holes in any space everything
is personal for we're a lonely yes.

And it never really numbers
a wonderful place and our leisure.